tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-982621300799469562024-02-19T16:04:16.431+13:00GreenXperts New ZealandOccasional commentary on sustainable science and business issues...4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-21971039318970528092022-03-04T12:26:00.000+13:002022-03-04T12:26:25.415+13:00Banning permanent pine forests from the NZETS will at least double carbon prices and further impoverish Maori <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhBipkDfdMowEBArPmOPUFjF0HE0b0ledV19TNzdoOqALEXzYhe-epuwv4kK86HE0ER9Oc1uiHyWGB_DoabfTmMKgJW9mYS44w6PVvL5ip-P8xn8RXvFJnrrR7KfciSXHKF2AAVKjaBwLI5a2LocjD13RHP8BDfEqu_M3ina6t7RXyNkfjyzbShKArfDA=s644" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="644" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhBipkDfdMowEBArPmOPUFjF0HE0b0ledV19TNzdoOqALEXzYhe-epuwv4kK86HE0ER9Oc1uiHyWGB_DoabfTmMKgJW9mYS44w6PVvL5ip-P8xn8RXvFJnrrR7KfciSXHKF2AAVKjaBwLI5a2LocjD13RHP8BDfEqu_M3ina6t7RXyNkfjyzbShKArfDA=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Comment on
MPI Policy Proposal: "Managing exotic afforestation forestry incentives"- proposal to change forestry incentives in the NZETS</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">Clients
have asked us for comment on the new MPI policy document “Managing exotic
forestry afforestation incentives” in the NZETS, released yesterday. It is
proposed that pine (<i>Pinus radiata</i>) forest be excluded from the permanent
forest category in the ETS.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #222222;">We
consider that it is unlikely that this policy change will happen for the
following reasons:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">Permanent
carbon pine forest supplies the NZETS with over 90% of its carbon credits. The
assertion in the press release that the proliferation of permanent pine forest
will result in lower long-term carbon prices is simply incorrect – the laws of
supply and demand will prevail. If the Government cuts off over 90% of the future
supply of credits, the credit price will at least double, NZ's carbon bill to
the UN will go up, and NZ will be further exposed to proposed carbon
tariffs on our exports to the EU and USA. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">The
press release also asserts that “</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3f4647;">an increase in
native forestry will require additional management efforts to eliminate pests
that feed on native trees</span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">”. Is the Government seriously
suggesting that we should stop planting native forests because we can’t control
goats, possums, hares, rabbits, pigs and deer? We have seen numerous examples
where native forest has been replanted and pests controlled successfully. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">Native
forest should be replanted wherever practical because of its contribution to
water and soil conservation values and biodiversity, but unfortunately it doesn’t
pack on substantial carbon for about 500 years, so it won’t help NZ’s carbon
balance in the short term. Nevertheless, at current carbon prices, young native
yields about $500 per hectare per year.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">However,
if the carbon price doubles, native forest will be worth about $1,000 per
hectare per year, and exotic hardwoods even more (they store carbon at about 80%
of the rate of pine), so people will plant these.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">Pine
forests are not the terrible environmental villains suggested in the policy
paper, and they will not march across the land and drive us all into the sea.
Negative environmental impacts happen mostly when harvesting, and that is due
to poor logging practice by the people, not by the trees. NZ’s carbon forestry
estate is only about 350,000 hectares, 3% of rural land area. It is being added
to at a rate of about 12,000 hectares per year. At that rate it would take 833
years for carbon forest to occupy all the farm land in NZ. However 88% of ETS
forest is on hard country – Class 6-8, which produces very little any other
way. Obviously farm owners are not bent on converting their entire farms to
carbon forestry <i>holus bolus</i>. Our advice is to plant your hard country in
carbon forest – and this is what farmers are doing. It is entirely specious and
misleading to claim carbon forestry is seriously threatening the agricultural
industry in NZ.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">If
pine trees really are the terrible environmental villains as suggested, then to
be consistent the Government should ban all replanting and establishment of old
and new commercial pine forests as well. This would put 35,000 people out of
work, reduce NZ’s export sales by $6.2 billion, and we’d have to import almost all
of our wood products for building and construction. We have no estimate of what
that would do to house prices. Others may have.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">If farms
are being sold to overseas buyers for carbon farming or commercial forestry,
that is not the NZETS’s fault. The policy settings for such purchases are a
matter for the Overseas Investment Office, not MPI or the NZEPA. As an aside, foreign
forest companies are NZ’s biggest landowners, so the horse has already bolted.
Changes to OIO policy are the solution here, not changes to the NZETS.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">8)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">The
social impacts of carbon forest allegedly depopulating rural areas are vastly
overstated. The Ministry of Education has informed us that they have never
closed a rural school because carbon pine tree establishment has caused rural
depopulation. School closures, and openings, occur according to a group of
socio-economic factors, not just one.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">9)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">Carbon
forestry is a godsend particularly for hill country farmers who, up until
recently, haven’t been able to earn a living off their hard country. We have
seen farmers finally getting a decent return for their work, with retirement
looking a lot brighter. We have also seen carbon revenue being used to buy more
beef stock and a new dairy unit. Paying for the daughter’s wedding is also a
lot easier.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"> </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">10)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; text-indent: -18pt;">This
policy will hit Maoridom the hardest. Every single one of our iwi clients has substantial
hard hill country resource which has effectively produced nothing for over 100
years. There are very large areas where carbon forestry using the right mixture
of pines and native forest re-establishment will literally lift whole whanau
out of practical poverty. Practical poverty is where you can afford your Weetbix,
but you have no money to offer your tamariki a university education or your
kaumatua and kuia decent housing in their old age. More funding should be put
into iwi-based carbon farming. Currently Te Puni Kokiri will fund carbon
farming feasibility reports, but it won’t fund planting or carbon farm management.
So there’s no point doing the feasibility report. Instead, iwi with large carbon
farming potential but who lack development funding and management skills are
exposed to unscrupulous operators who will place a contractual liability on the
land and take the lion’s share of the carbon revenue.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #222222;">Hopefully
this proposed policy will be consigned to the dust bin of history where it
belongs. This is the 21</span><sup style="color: #222222;">st</sup><span style="color: #222222;"> Century, not the 19</span><sup style="color: #222222;">th</sup><span style="color: #222222;"> Century.
We need to pursue carbon negative futures for our country and our whanau, and
take the opportunity that trees (of all species) offer to make that happen.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></p><div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222;">Susan Harris BSc(Hons) MNZPI, MEIANZ<br /></span><span style="color: #222222;">Principal Scientist<br /></span><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222;">GreenXperts Limited<br /></span><span style="color: #222222;">Tel: +64 4 381 2255<br /></span><span style="color: #222222;">Email: susan.harris@greenxperts.co.nz<br /></span><span style="color: #222222;">www.greenxperts.co.nz<br /></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></div><p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-US">
</span></p><p><br /></p>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-60346147234897283272020-11-09T13:19:00.002+13:002020-11-09T13:19:42.357+13:00Six Month, Fixed Price Farm Carbon Plans @GreenXperts<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSOzBIoiIUA9Z2qj5upFpDavVQ3WnW1oyXFcn2HieGJ7hXMvnu97czx20sD2n5MK1nIk8BKzHe1oa1I3ZQqPsA9spkeMlQ5_t60Pm_bNsBl7YhIoZrPQrN1kQK1x4yFdWrWQnVKZkEoyC9/s2048/Guy1Forest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSOzBIoiIUA9Z2qj5upFpDavVQ3WnW1oyXFcn2HieGJ7hXMvnu97czx20sD2n5MK1nIk8BKzHe1oa1I3ZQqPsA9spkeMlQ5_t60Pm_bNsBl7YhIoZrPQrN1kQK1x4yFdWrWQnVKZkEoyC9/s320/Guy1Forest.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="o6r2urh6 buofh1pr datstx6m l9j0dhe7 oh7imozk" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; cursor: text; flex-grow: 1; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; height: 126px; position: relative; width: 500px;"><div class="rq0escxv buofh1pr df2bnetk hv4rvrfc dati1w0a l9j0dhe7 k4urcfbm du4w35lb o0xt3n8b" style="box-sizing: border-box; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; height: fit-content; max-width: 480px; padding-left: 16px; padding-right: 16px; position: relative; width: 480px; z-index: 0;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="gcieejh5 bn081pho humdl8nn izx4hr6d rq0escxv oo9gr5id t5a262vz jq4qci2q b1v8xokw datstx6m a3bd9o3v lzcic4wl ecm0bbzt rz4wbd8a sj5x9vvc a8nywdso k4urcfbm o8yuz56k" style="border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--primary-text); cursor: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; height: 126px; line-height: 1.3333; outline: none; padding: 4px 0px 8px; width: 448px;"><div class="rq0escxv datstx6m k4urcfbm a8c37x1j" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; height: 114px; width: 448px;"><div class="_5rp7" style="font-family: inherit; height: inherit; position: relative; text-align: initial; z-index: 0;"><div class="_5rpb" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-left: 0.1px solid transparent; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; position: relative; text-align: initial; z-index: 1;"><div class="notranslate _5rpu" contenteditable="true" role="textbox" spellcheck="true" style="-webkit-user-modify: read-write-plaintext-only; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: initial; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap;" tabindex="0"><div data-contents="true" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="ee19e" data-offset-key="8gk5c-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="8gk5c-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span data-offset-key="8gk5c-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Simply Sustainable™ Farm Carbon Plans now available at GreenXperts. Helps farmers and growers meet NZETS and EU carbon requirements. </span><span class="diy96o5h" end="166" start="135" style="background-color: var(--text-highlight); font-family: inherit;">#accessibleaffordableachievable</span><span data-offset-key="8gk5c-2-0" style="font-family: inherit;"> Order online at XShop. </span><span class="diy96o5h" end="210" start="191" style="background-color: var(--text-highlight); font-family: inherit;">#growyourcarbonbank</span><span data-offset-key="8gk5c-4-0" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></div></div><div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="ee19e" data-offset-key="dg30b-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dg30b-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span data-offset-key="dg30b-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div></div><div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="ee19e" data-offset-key="6e42g-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="6e42g-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span class="py34i1dx" style="color: var(--blue-link); font-family: inherit;">https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/farm-carbon-plans</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rq0escxv pmk7jnqg du4w35lb j83agx80 pfnyh3mw i1fnvgqd gs1a9yip owycx6da btwxx1t3 i09qtzwb qpd6qd77" style="align-items: stretch; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; justify-content: space-between; position: absolute; right: 9px; z-index: 0;"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t pfnyh3mw d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="kgtf8isp" style="font-family: inherit; opacity: 0.7;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; place-content: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-label="Emoji" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl abiwlrkh p8dawk7l dwo3fsh8 ow4ym5g4 auili1gw" role="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; align-items: stretch; appearance: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-left-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-right-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-style: solid; border-top-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="tv7at329 l9j0dhe7 thwo4zme s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs" style="border-radius: 50%; font-family: inherit; height: 36px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 36px;"><div class="iyyx5f41 l9j0dhe7 cebpdrjk bipmatt0 k5wvi7nf a8s20v7p k77z8yql qs9ysxi8 arfg74bv n00je7tq a6sixzi8 tojvnm2t" style="align-items: inherit; border-radius: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; place-content: inherit; position: relative; width: inherit;"><div class="bp9cbjyn j83agx80 datstx6m taijpn5t l9j0dhe7 k4urcfbm" style="align-items: center; display: flex; font-family: inherit; height: 36px; justify-content: center; position: relative; width: 36px;"><i class="hu5pjgll bixrwtb6 sp_odk5iviwK7y sx_19da9a" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yS/r/eFWh9g0pZYO.png"); background-position: -25px -180px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 24px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 24px;"></i></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="scb9dxdr qt6c0cv9 dflh9lhu jb3vyjys" style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 8px;"><div class="bp9cbjyn j83agx80 taijpn5t bcvklqu9 oi9244e8 bi6gxh9e h676nmdw ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs l9j0dhe7 dwg5866k ccnbzhu1 eip75gnj tr4kgdav ue3kfks5 pw54ja7n uo3d90p7 l82x9zwi" style="align-items: center; border-bottom: solid 1px var(--divider); border-left: solid 1px var(--divider); border-radius: 8px; border-right: solid 1px var(--divider); border-top: solid 1px var(--divider); display: flex; font-family: inherit; justify-content: center; margin: 32px 8px 8px; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><div class="ue3kfks5 pw54ja7n uo3d90p7 l82x9zwi ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs l9j0dhe7 k4urcfbm" style="border-radius: 8px; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 466px;"><div style="font-family: inherit; height: 349.5px;"><div class="pmk7jnqg stjgntxs ni8dbmo4 taijpn5t j83agx80 bp9cbjyn" style="align-items: center; display: flex; font-family: inherit; height: 350px; justify-content: center; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 466px;"></div></div></div></div></div>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-27738307229791869042020-11-05T10:12:00.001+13:002020-11-05T10:12:23.549+13:00A Farm Environmental Plan in One Year<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXQyHpvNxZtfOiUGZyr5QbE0eYoJrlLghUGFewiS4QAivxGdTogeDh2glrpDZ5i-pO7dZGdKj4MrEj4qu4V6GDJUvsaPCjS8CdI3bqaaURz0tJuNH55Yi7JqucwnWAmQvT5ajY3l1ehoy8/s2048/IMG_0296.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXQyHpvNxZtfOiUGZyr5QbE0eYoJrlLghUGFewiS4QAivxGdTogeDh2glrpDZ5i-pO7dZGdKj4MrEj4qu4V6GDJUvsaPCjS8CdI3bqaaURz0tJuNH55Yi7JqucwnWAmQvT5ajY3l1ehoy8/s320/IMG_0296.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Farm Environmental Plans are now compulsory in New Zealand.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Great to announce #accessibleaffordableachievable <a href="https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/farm-environmental-plans" target="_blank">Farm Environmental Plans</a> </span><span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">available at GreenXperts Limited. Our </span><span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 19.3333px;">Dry Stock, Dairy and Horticulture Templates mean that plans can be completed in 12 months. <a href="https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/xshop" target="_blank">O</a></span><span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><a href="https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/xshop" target="_blank">rder online</a>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 19.3333px;">Making it easier for farmers.</span></p><p></p>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-86719172664699827772020-10-28T09:18:00.001+13:002020-10-28T09:18:40.394+13:00First-Ever Triple GGG - Excellent - Green Rating for Carbon Forestry Potential Awarded to Worsfold Property in Northland, New Zealand<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqMFpnlT_HcyWUDjA1LeUCMPq0MzY1Ige3ZKsU64XBOXJVgyFAo0XdkU891tJXTzYQjRwWr2JVIMwFYg_G6uK-KBYXvoEI2uZljed-AbSE1oQCSPQ_hYV2aGw9f80ZT0hxMbfrmT0XbJ2/s2048/009_Bayleys_Drone_Shot_Overview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqMFpnlT_HcyWUDjA1LeUCMPq0MzY1Ige3ZKsU64XBOXJVgyFAo0XdkU891tJXTzYQjRwWr2JVIMwFYg_G6uK-KBYXvoEI2uZljed-AbSE1oQCSPQ_hYV2aGw9f80ZT0hxMbfrmT0XbJ2/s320/009_Bayleys_Drone_Shot_Overview.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span data-offset-key="e2b0v-0-0" style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><p><span data-offset-key="e2b0v-0-0" style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></p>F</span><span data-offset-key="e2b0v-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">irst-ever Triple GGG (Excellent) Green Rating for Carbon </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Forestry</span><span data-offset-key="e2b0v-2-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Potential awarded to Worsfold property at 528 Carruth Road, Poroti, Whangarei, Northland, New Zealand. See listing at:</span><p></p><div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="9844v" data-offset-key="ac8vj-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="ac8vj-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span class="py34i1dx" style="color: var(--blue-link); font-family: inherit;">https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/xlist</span><span data-offset-key="ac8vj-1-0" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></div></div><div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="9844v" data-offset-key="ejolp-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="ejolp-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span data-offset-key="ejolp-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div></div><div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="9844v" data-offset-key="9okdn-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="9okdn-0-0" style="direction: ltr; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span data-offset-key="9okdn-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;">Property is for sale at Bayleys </span><span class="py34i1dx" style="color: var(--blue-link); font-family: inherit;">https://www.bayleys.co.nz/1050531</span></div></div>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-49537587272523071572020-10-27T11:44:00.000+13:002020-10-27T11:44:10.224+13:00QuickPropertyCheck™ Reports Available Online at XShop<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0x4mbufREvS1Z67o_YNkPkeHXVTIqDR3HdTz6MMbNuf_rFcxp9T_0Og3d-NkSU5DYtbidHQLosPal_JFHWNhwnaPtXiLqTSOwDX8UBKnC0RCGKJyqQ_553VJqKdB_uy9JPdXvPsUmVXe8/s768/housingnz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="768" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0x4mbufREvS1Z67o_YNkPkeHXVTIqDR3HdTz6MMbNuf_rFcxp9T_0Og3d-NkSU5DYtbidHQLosPal_JFHWNhwnaPtXiLqTSOwDX8UBKnC0RCGKJyqQ_553VJqKdB_uy9JPdXvPsUmVXe8/s320/housingnz.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-offset-key="at318-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;">QuickPropertyCheck™</span></span></span><span data-offset-key="at318-1-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;"> reports now available online at our XShop. Get key planning and environmental information - planning limits, development opportunities (subdivision, multi-units), risks (eg. contaminated site, sea level rise) quickly for any property. Farm and Commercial reports also available. Check it out - a first ever in New Zealand.</span></span></p><span data-offset-key="at318-1-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><span class="py34i1dx" style="background-color: white; color: var(--blue-link); font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-offset-key="at318-2-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: inherit;">https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/quickpropertycheck</span></span></span>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-59083486812611572302020-10-05T10:36:00.004+13:002020-10-05T10:40:52.369+13:00FOR SALE - 500 VERIFIED CARBON CREDITS NZU FROM A NORTHLAND CARBON FOREST<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM4ktC1ogKZYUoBbUtgm7sj3cYrBtlJHQfNLbPCiVi0i6Tzr0BWTMBrhCv6CEkt7zq0g0fuZj4X4ruoxl_Zj9q-v0GikpsUQZp6vu9-VKncdPBrJV99zOjXedhR_OlW9VoglfdisSoKDTi/s2048/DSCF2217.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM4ktC1ogKZYUoBbUtgm7sj3cYrBtlJHQfNLbPCiVi0i6Tzr0BWTMBrhCv6CEkt7zq0g0fuZj4X4ruoxl_Zj9q-v0GikpsUQZp6vu9-VKncdPBrJV99zOjXedhR_OlW9VoglfdisSoKDTi/w640-h480/DSCF2217.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">FOR SALE - 500 VERIFIED NZU CARBON CREDITS FROM A NORTHLAND CARBON FOREST</span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/xcarbonsale" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>Listing 2101</b></span></a><br /></p><p><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Greetings, all.</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This morning we are pleased to advise that we have an exclusive holding of 500 verified NZU for sale on behalf of one of our clients - a Northland Post-1989 Pine Forest owner.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These credits have been verified by our Principal Forester as genuine credits held in a high quality Northland carbon forest - see Verification Report and <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/xcarbonsale&source=gmail&ust=1601932672675000&usg=AFQjCNFBql7roMlKUoLxJP0yXdIYbd6ApA" href="https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/xcarbonsale" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Listing 2101</a> on our Carbon Trading page.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We are the only carbon broker in New Zealand offering professionally verified credits, and there is keen interest in them.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If you are interested in purchasing these credits, please don't hesitate to give me a call.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Have a great day!</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Best regards,</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Susan Harris</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mobile +64 22 1544 958</span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Email: susan.harris@greenxperts.co.nz</span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">www.greenxperts.co.nz</span></div>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-57806341735272864802020-01-21T08:46:00.000+13:002020-01-21T08:48:29.991+13:00Showcasing New Service: GreenRatings@GreenXperts™<div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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G™ = adequate, GG™ = good, GGG™ = excellent, F = FAIL (inadequate or false disclosure)</div>
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GreenXperts Green Rating: <b>GGG™</b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pataua North Boat Ramp, Whangarei District, New Zealand</span></i></div>
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4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-80696602661570443222019-12-20T11:12:00.000+13:002019-12-20T11:12:54.285+13:00New Zealand Government Supercharges Emissions Trading Scheme with Huge Increases in Carbon Credit Values Proposed for 2020<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9zobsvEY6f4l0yyc2BHs5CSOePc6hwjEd7UbuJixNUz5FaFf51NS5Je413GIaCvErpZVwgHddEMgSZAwc7aAMweiv_72YOE4WIfno9MJI1U-5VJ_UHLgD_pmMmm-tdXQrq_VkgEoR5wMy/s1600/fIG3_v2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="617" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9zobsvEY6f4l0yyc2BHs5CSOePc6hwjEd7UbuJixNUz5FaFf51NS5Je413GIaCvErpZVwgHddEMgSZAwc7aAMweiv_72YOE4WIfno9MJI1U-5VJ_UHLgD_pmMmm-tdXQrq_VkgEoR5wMy/s320/fIG3_v2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Yesterday the New Zealand Government released its proposals for reforming the price settings on the NZ Emissions Trading Scheme in 2020.</div>
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Major changes to pricing levels are proposed, see Figure 3 above.</div>
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These price control changes will act to "supercharge" the NZETS, as the price ceiling will be set at $50, the Government fixed price option will go to $35, and there will be a price floor of $20.</div>
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This potentially increases carbon credit values by 140%-200%.</div>
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There will also be a price effect on rural forestry land values - we are working on what this increase might be with associates in the rural property sector.</div>
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Consultation closes on 28 February 2020, with legislation changes proposed in mid 2020.</div>
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This morning the NZ carbon market has reacted by <u>not trading</u> NZU futures contracts.</div>
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We will be separately contacting our clients to advise on how the market is reacting, and how much more we calculate their carbon portfolio may be worth in 2020.</div>
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Good news for those foresters with trees in the ground registered in the NZETS! More needed!</div>
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We are very pleased that our advice on future NZETS structures and price trends has proved accurate (!).</div>
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We are now analysing other parts of Government NZETS and Zero Carbon Bill announcements, and we will be incorporating the proposed changes in our <i>MyCarbon</i> computer model of yields, risks and revenues from the carbon business.</div>
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Go to <a href="https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/mycarbonservices">https://www.greenxperts.co.nz/mycarbonservices</a> for more, or contact us at: info@greenxperts.co.nz.</div>
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4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-65350474804312323822019-11-11T16:12:00.001+13:002019-11-11T16:12:58.309+13:00Methane emissions from farm animals a 'green herring' in New Zealand<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnHeWb8voxJtMwg1WdusfMxdxHhBw4jH4zUen4PF3YhxRGewsv8wzjzgJc4uA8yMzFSDZm2f5nt2xWcJ7PQmW-xqWMT7itrbwB1TefUQgTIWfoOwU3jihoXEvxZ1ns0R1QI-7V5SpuayCl/s1600/Cow_Inependent.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="620" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnHeWb8voxJtMwg1WdusfMxdxHhBw4jH4zUen4PF3YhxRGewsv8wzjzgJc4uA8yMzFSDZm2f5nt2xWcJ7PQmW-xqWMT7itrbwB1TefUQgTIWfoOwU3jihoXEvxZ1ns0R1QI-7V5SpuayCl/s320/Cow_Inependent.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Photograph: Cattle belch monitoring, Moorepark, Ireland 2010</i></span></div>
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A recent article in <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/nov/09/doomism-new-tactic-fossil-fuel-lobby" target="_blank">The Guardian</a> reports that climate change denial is changing tack from outright denial to a clever 'deflection' campaign. This focuses on making individuals feel guilty about their food and travel choices, and then descends into 'doomism', which leads to hopelessness and inaction. In this way, society is misled into failing to deal with the main cause of climate change - fossil fuel use.</div>
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Global greenhouse gas (GHG) sources are usually quoted at around 70% from fossil fuel use (energy production), agriculture 24%, industry, buildings and waste disposal the remaining 6%. </div>
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New Zealand's GHG profile is quite different from the global profile, with energy production 41%, agriculture 48% (sourced mainly from animals belching methane), industry and waste 11%.</div>
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Recently the issue of methane emissions from farm animals has been controversial in New Zealand. The Agriculture sector has pointed out that methane is a short-lived GHG (about 14 years), while others have countered that it has a high Global Warming Potential (GWP), 25 times stronger than carbon dioxide. The New Zealand Government has agreed to the sector's proposal to leave agriculture out of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme until 2025, giving the sector until 2022 to come up with methods for reducing farm emissions. </div>
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One way to reduce farm emissions is to reduce the number of animals farmed. Leaving aside land use stocking and water quality issues, it would seem extraordinary that a food producing nation would be asked to consider reducing its production levels in a world that needs more food, not less. And this from a pasture-based farming system in New Zealand that has a much lower overall environmental footprint (GHG plus everything else) and animal welfare footprint than barn-based intensive stock feeding regimes overseas.</div>
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So are methane emissions from farm animals really a problem locally or globally, compared to fossil fuel emissions? Take a quick look across the latest science and we find:</div>
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<li>Globally methane is 16% of all GHG;</li>
<li>Methane disappears from the atmosphere in about 14 years;</li>
<li>Modelling of methane's global warming effects from 1900 show a small decline relative to carbon dioxide;</li>
<li>World methane emissions have increased about 25% from 2005-2018. This is thought to be from frozen wetlands melting (as the northern hemisphere warms), natural gas production, and livestock, although the global cattle population has increased only 0.6% in that time;</li>
<li>Fossil-fuel sourced carbon dioxide is about 80% of all GHG;</li>
<li>Carbon dioxide takes 20-200+ years to transit out of the atmosphere;</li>
<li>Recent studies show fossil-fuel sourced carbon dioxide is now about 86-87% of global carbon dioxide emissions; </li>
<li>World fossil-fuel sourced carbon dioxide increased 50% from 1990-2015, increases in India (7.2%), Russia (3.5%), China (2.9%) and the USA (1.5%); and, </li>
<li>Emissions from New Zealand Agriculture 1990-2017 rose 13.5%, due to a near doubling of the dairy herd and 650% increase in use of nitrogen fertiliser. New Zealand's cattle population is about 0.1% of the global cattle population. </li>
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There are some significant changes to note:</div>
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(1) Fossil-fuel sourced carbon dioxide sources have increased to 87% of global carbon emissions in the last ten years, so that they almost completely dominate the global GHG cycle;</div>
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(2) Global methane emissions over time have had no impact compared to fossil-fuel sourced carbon dioxide (so far);</div>
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(3) Global methane emissions are recently up from permafrost melting and natural gas production;</div>
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(4) Globally, New Zealand's cattle populations and their emissions do not register at all on any statistic; and,</div>
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(5) Local increases in New Zealand's dairy herd and their emissions have impact in New Zealand alone.</div>
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And so what to conclude?</div>
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Methane emissions from pasture-based farm animals are a "green herring" in New Zealand, and most probably globally. </div>
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The reduction and reversal of global warming depends almost entirely upon reducing fossil fuel use. Switch away from fossil fuels and the job is mostly done. Reducing animal farming in New Zealand will make absolutely no difference to world GHG levels, and would be a pointless exercise in climate guilt. Another 'deflection' away from dealing with the real problem.</div>
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Because of the structure of the Paris Climate Agreement and New Zealand's unusual GHG profile, the nation could be held fiscally responsible for methane emissions that are just a very few cattle breaths in reality, with no global impact. There could, however, be a very high impact on the nation's pocket if the situation isn't shrewdly managed. </div>
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And one wonders...how many more green herrings are out there?</div>
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4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-31257216058952960122019-08-27T12:51:00.000+12:002019-08-27T13:06:32.905+12:00Billion Tree Blessing<br />
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I've been a bit bemused to read media coverage lately about some parties complaining that the Billion Tree Funding Programme (1BT) and the NZ Government's changes to the Emissions Trading Scheme (NZETS) are leading to an exodus from hill country farming. Apparently, large numbers of farms are being sold to overseas interests so that forests can be planted on them. As a result, it is alleged, more NZ land is going into overseas investors' hands, and the local rural community and rural schools are being emptied of jobs and children.<br />
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So, I've done a quick fact check and find:<br />
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<ul>
<li>70% of NZ's commercial forests are already overseas owned - so sorry folks, the horse has already bolted; and,</li>
<li>Yes, a few farms have been sold to overseas interests for forestry development, but the trend is no more than usual (so far). The sales have had to go through the Overseas Investment Office (OIO) approval process, so if there is concern about how many farms are sold to overseas buyers, the place to change the policy settings is at the OIO; and,</li>
<li>Growing trees on marginal hill country and other "badlands" for wood and carbon credits still provide better economic and environmental returns than any other option.</li>
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As far as I know, NZ is the only country with a Billion Tree Blessing where land owners are given (that's given, not lent) money by the Government to plant trees that can become part of an ETS, and earn carbon credits (NZU) for their owners. Creating two revenue streams where before there may have been none, or not much, or a loss.</div>
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So what does the Billion Tree Blessing give to rural land owners and the rest of NZ?</div>
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<li>A gift to plant trees on land that's not producing anything except rates and fencing bills;</li>
<li>Another gift in carbon credits that can be easily sold in the carbon market (with the surrender requirement gone), or kept as a valuable futures stock;</li>
<li>'1BT' and 'Join ETS' application preparation fees at least partly covered by the grant, with both being tax deductible; and,</li>
<li>More NZ-owned marginal country turned into forestry, increasing the percentage of commercial forests owned by New Zealanders, and starting to bring back into NZ ownership the revenue, jobs, erosion control, and climate change benefits of beautiful trees. </li>
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The Billion Tree Blessing is a gift - why wouldn't you take it?</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">*Declaration of interest - yes, my family earns part of its' living from trees - we love 'em.</span></div>
4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-45952145716153955752017-10-26T14:17:00.001+13:002017-10-26T14:17:20.589+13:00Independent Climate Commission Gives New Zealand Opportunity to be Number One Again<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The new Labour - NZ First - Green Party Coalition Government's proposal to call an Independent Commission on Climate Change provides the country with an unmissable opportunity to make New Zealand Number One again in innovation, with a 21st Century approach to climate change management and economic and social development.</div>
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You can't get away from the science. Climate change is happening, and it's happening faster than we first thought. The Australians have a very scary climate model - scary because it's so accurate. Twelve years ago at an Australian Transport Conference, they showed their model with Arctic and Antarctica ice melt, and sea level rise predictions based on various warming scenarios. Twiddle the scenario and you get certain predictions. Based on the climate science back then, you weren't supposed to be able to sail through an ice-free Arctic or see very major parts of Antarctica break off until about 2040.</div>
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But these things are happening now - 25 years ahead of that prediction. The interesting thing then was that if you twiddled the model inputs to match the global warming data we have now, then the Aussie's model pulled back 20 years to put Arctic and Antarctica ice melt, and accelerating sea level rise into the 2015-2025 time frame we are seeing now. Not bad for a bunch of cricket players. </div>
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The work that our own scientists are doing, especially in Antarctica, is invaluable in refining these predictions through the NZ Sea Level Rise Programme. Hopefully the new political atmosphere will encourage all the parties involved to work together on a National Climate Change Response Strategy that gives the people of New Zealand sound, practical advice on how to plan for the changes that will happen over the next 50-100 year timeframe. A stitch in time saves nine.</div>
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It will also provide us with the opportunity to fix our fundamentally flawed Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Everybody needs to be "in", because this issue is quite literally everybody's problem for those of us who recognise that we live on Planet Earth, and we have to go by her rules. If we are smart enough to design an "all in" ETS with the right policy levers, international linkages, massive tree planting programme (which doesn't have to be on prime agricultural land - there are plenty of "badlands" needing planting), and effective carbon trading rules, it will drive us into Carbon Negative territory. Then we will have a Great Story to tell. </div>
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And by the way, Carbon Zero isn't quite enough. That concept is something of an academic "will-o-the-wisp". You could argue forever over which scientific technique (aka magic wand) should be used to define "Carbon Zero". There will always be an assumption, a flaw, an error limit, or an uncertainty that will cast serious doubt on the postulated "Carbon Zero" position. </div>
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Don't pay our scientists to argue about that red herring in front of courts and tribunals. The reality is that there's already so much greenhouse gas in the atmosphere we need to figure out ways to suck the damn stuff up. That's where the electric cars and massive tree planting programme come in. Pay the scientists to figure out more ways to get rid of the stuff - or at least issue them all with a spade and a box of trees to plant. Every week.</div>
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Then, we will have a Great Story to tell the world: Responsible Carbon Management, Carbon Negative Export Products, a World-Leading ETS, and a good and great heritage for our children and grand-children. Carbon Negative New Zealand.</div>
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4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-4705387851454622252016-10-21T10:19:00.003+13:002016-10-21T10:33:14.312+13:00New Zealand Needs To Grab Every Carbon Credit It Can<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment’s recent report on
agricultural greenhouse gas emissions highlights the need for agriculture to make
meaningful progress in reducing its emissions.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In New Zealand this is particularly important because agriculture is
responsible for 48% of our emissions.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">The Commissioner’s report follows disturbing analysis from the Ministry
for the Environment, where a senior official this week advised that meeting New
Zealand’s Paris Climate Agreement pledge could cost the country more than $70
billion, and see carbon prices rise to $300 a tonne if we are not part of
international carbon markets.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">New Zealand’s Emissions Trading Scheme is greatly weakened because it is
not linked to international carbon markets, and because it covers only half of
our emissions. Hopefully the current Government
review of the ETS will address these issues, especially since the Paris Agreement
comes into force on 4 November, and the next UN meeting on international
climate change action is set down for Marrakech in two weeks’ time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">The Commissioner recommends planting trees to offset emissions. This is an easy and relatively cheap strategy
to pursue, with multiple benefits for agriculture - including riparian and
erosion protection, water quality improvement, stumpage, and issue of NZU
carbon credits for qualifying blocks. Managed
well, tree planting creates more income for farmers.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">New Zealand needs to encourage farmers and other land owners to plant
more trees, and grab every carbon credit we can. We need to pursue a vigorous national
planting programme and aim to become the world’s first Carbon Negative Country. This way we will reduce the risk of being in
serious carbon debt in future, and create an ETS that is an asset, not a
liability for the nation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">GreenXperts Limited and Green Tick Certification Limited are working to
maximise the benefits of carbon trading for New Zealanders, by launching this week a $10 million Certified Carbon Credit Fund.
We have already had local interest, and inquiries from Europe and India. We look forward to being part
of the next phase in positive climate change action – helping New Zealanders to
grab every carbon credit they can. </span></div>
4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-4897236937151099572016-10-20T09:37:00.000+13:002016-10-20T09:37:01.207+13:00Environment Court Appeal Won For New Taurikura General Store, Whangarei Heads, New Zealand<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Proprietors of the Taurikura General Store, Neil Engebretsen and Yu Min Song, are pleased to announce that following a successful Environment Court appeal, resource consent has been granted for a store and cafe at their new site at 2302 Whangarei Heads Road, Taurikura, Whangarei Heads. </span></div>
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<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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The new store will be located about 80 metres west (towards Whangarei) of the T-intersection with Taurikura Street and Whangarei Heads Road. </h4>
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Ten carparks, including one disabled carpark, and disabled access and toilet will be available at the new store. All the store facilities you are used to, such as the Post Shop, general goods, frozen goods, fishing gear, bread, milk, daily papers, and Internet access will be available at the new site. Extensive landscaping, planting, and acoustic protection for neighbours will be installed at the new site. </h4>
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<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Postal services are available, and site planting is underway. Neil and Yu Min have really appreciated the community's support for this cool new beach store development in Taurikura. </span></h4>
<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="wixGuard" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></h4>
<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thanks also to the project team, architect Claire Furlong from <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-content="http://www.arto.co.nz/" data-type="external" href="http://www.arto.co.nz/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">ARTO Architects</a></span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-content="http://www.richardsonstevens.co.nz/" data-type="external" href="http://www.richardsonstevens.co.nz/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Richardson Stevens Limited</a> </span>engineers, Dean Scanlen, traffic engineer from <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-content="http://www.e-outcomes.co.nz/" data-type="external" href="http://www.e-outcomes.co.nz/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Engineering Outcomes Ltd</a></span>, Peter Ibbotson, acoustic engineer from <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-content="http://www.marshallday.com/" data-type="external" href="http://www.marshallday.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Marshall Day Acoustics</a></span>, and Susan Harris planner and environmental scientist from <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-content="http://www.greenxperts.co.nz/" data-type="external" href="http://www.greenxperts.co.nz/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">GreenXperts Limited</a></span> for all their work on this successful resource consent project.</span></h4>
<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="wixGuard" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></h4>
<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Taurikura General Store and Licensed Cafe</span></h4>
<div>
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2302 Whangarei Heads Road, Taurikura, Whangarei Heads, New Zealand</span></span></div>
<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</h4>
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Telephone: +64 9 434 0145 </h4>
<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</h4>
<h4 class="font_4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #062134; font-family: Tahoma, tahoma-w01-regular, tahoma-w02-regular, tahoma-w10-regular, tahoma-w15--regular, tahoma-w99-regular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Store hours: 7am-9pm.</h4>
</span></div>
4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-80766639961752627332016-10-19T14:34:00.000+13:002016-10-19T14:34:08.925+13:00GreenXperts and Green Tick Launch $NZD10 million Certified Carbon Credit Fund<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">GreenXperts Limited, in association with sister company Green Tick
Certification Limited, has launched a $NZD10 million Certified Carbon Credit
Fund.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Expressions of Interest are sought from New Zealand Unit (NZU)
holders who have NZU that will qualify for certification as genuinely
carbon negative NZU.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbNiOHnii2umN-qNudo1HKkwp4WgVYXla_WP-YDzyUHR0yAWpI3Kl3rx112Fv6uiLyDis3lL53WBfsyR3ke2sXpEZfqJLd25d10y0Kb1laeIjJh87JCgKB57F5jjnHZ8AbY2bDbKoGrLP7/s1600/GT_Carbon+Negative.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbNiOHnii2umN-qNudo1HKkwp4WgVYXla_WP-YDzyUHR0yAWpI3Kl3rx112Fv6uiLyDis3lL53WBfsyR3ke2sXpEZfqJLd25d10y0Kb1laeIjJh87JCgKB57F5jjnHZ8AbY2bDbKoGrLP7/s200/GT_Carbon+Negative.gif" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Engineering processes, projects or forest stands with a certifiable
carbon negative profile are welcome to respond to the Expression of Interest. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXk9w4jpSggC0BkNjx-6Sp_jSBNqBlHxjHLUhgS467wZQqHE5uJrP_k23mJzNcMrfyWrAEj9ijmp7mKimYmg8YfqsqdFuLU5YG_aCBwrobjiAkvD4FJ6xZySHVU8k6DOXZLswuf62x5G6p/s1600/tata+wind+farm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXk9w4jpSggC0BkNjx-6Sp_jSBNqBlHxjHLUhgS467wZQqHE5uJrP_k23mJzNcMrfyWrAEj9ijmp7mKimYmg8YfqsqdFuLU5YG_aCBwrobjiAkvD4FJ6xZySHVU8k6DOXZLswuf62x5G6p/s1600/tata+wind+farm.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">GreenXperts may assist NZU holders to achieve certification through
sister company Green Tick Certification Limited.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The objective is to provide the New Zealand carbon market with the
highest quality, lowest risk certified carbon credit portfolio. This benefits
buyers, because they receive an impeccable credit, and benefits sellers,
because they achieve a premium value for their credits.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The partners aim is to see the top 10% of the New Zealand
carbon market certified, and to offer these high quality, low risk credits to
the domestic market, and in time to the international market, at premium rates.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis1pPMLD0kCr9uc8SwpxBVMdq_cwyJev6u89trMmAxwwgi8lASUBwM2Ujxp1zpLf07s3Gawj3OT0EkN28were2ltSMO2UWn8NlnHvqP9sc8Jbq9JhUHoDIVO73RKhxnxdqx04jEhh1TXa4/s1600/NZU-NZ-emission-unit-720by540.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis1pPMLD0kCr9uc8SwpxBVMdq_cwyJev6u89trMmAxwwgi8lASUBwM2Ujxp1zpLf07s3Gawj3OT0EkN28were2ltSMO2UWn8NlnHvqP9sc8Jbq9JhUHoDIVO73RKhxnxdqx04jEhh1TXa4/s320/NZU-NZ-emission-unit-720by540.svg.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Following the ratification of the Paris Climate Agreement, international
carbon markets will reform, and our aim is to position our clients to take full
advantage of the global carbon market in this next phase of international
action on climate change.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Download 'Expressions of Interest NZU 2016' Flyer on our web site <a href="http://www.greenxperts.co.nz/mycarbonservices" target="_blank">here</a>. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-23182868398835259412015-03-20T10:01:00.004+13:002015-03-20T10:05:27.297+13:00Disappearing Pipi - Presentation to Whangarei Heads Citizens' Association 19.03.15Over 30 people attended Susan Harris' presentation to the Whangarei Heads Citizens' Association's AGM on Thursday 19 March 2015. Interest was keen, with many questions from the floor.<br />
<br />
Click on link below to download a copy of the presentation.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://sustainablesue.wix.com/greenxperts#!disappearing-pipi/c228p" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">Disappearing Pipi Presentation</a><br />
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg4vUHbcAsITPc56_ygxjbalGWvsFfNQCAJrmEBIclI3qkffOtpAvtlYRxHkV2UfUItqIQKn5Ar_PonFI2jEqU0qV1WLDP7iOOqMoa7LRnAllCnK4Ir1gU1icubU9WgG3-A-_xrW6UoKHI/s1600/Slide1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg4vUHbcAsITPc56_ygxjbalGWvsFfNQCAJrmEBIclI3qkffOtpAvtlYRxHkV2UfUItqIQKn5Ar_PonFI2jEqU0qV1WLDP7iOOqMoa7LRnAllCnK4Ir1gU1icubU9WgG3-A-_xrW6UoKHI/s1600/Slide1.PNG" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-55450251001636647142015-01-29T09:48:00.001+13:002015-01-29T10:24:43.038+13:00The Mysterious Case of Disappearing Pipi at Mair Bank, and Potential Impacts on Marsden Point’s Stability<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">First published in the Whangarei Heads Newsletter, Feb-March 2015</span></i></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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" /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BN; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Source: Pawley 2014</span></i></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ">Massive reduction in pipi numbers
since 2005 </span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ">The latest scientific reports from the Northland Regional Council
(NRC) and the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) show a massive 99.3% drop
in both pipi biomass (by tonne) and abundance (by numbers), and two successive
‘recruitment failures’ (juveniles not achieving breeding age) on Mair Bank over
the past ten years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only 63 individual
pipi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of any size</i> were found in 140
sample sites during the February 2014 survey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">These grim findings led MPI to
impose a total ban on pipi harvesting from October 2014 onward.</b></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ">Potential impacts upon
Marsden Point’s stability</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ">It has been acknowledged by authorities for over 30 years that the
layers of old pipi shells and live pipis on Mair Bank armour and stabilise the Whangarei
Harbour entrance and Marsden Point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
1983 it was estimated that the pipi banks were equivalent to at least $4
billion (2014 value) in harbour works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Should the pipi banks be compromised, then there could be impacts upon
the stability of Marsden Point and its associated facilities.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ">Possible causes of pipi
disappearance</span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ">Possible causes of pipi disappearance could include: climate change
(changes in currents and water acidity); Mair Bank movement (reducing habitable
area); contaminants in the water and/or sediment (causing pipi to depart Mair
Bank and perish in deeper colder waters, and/or recruitment failure); and
selective removal of the breeding population (the larger pipi) by pipi pickers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is probably a combination of causes,
but at present there is insufficient evidence to determine what has happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latest scientific reports comment that
the available information has not been collected in a consistent or
comprehensive manner, making it difficult for scientists to pin down causes,
assess risks, or propose remedies.</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ">What the authorities are
doing </span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">NRC is the
coastal marine area authority, and MPI the fisheries authority.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several reports have been commissioned and
discussed with stakeholders by both NRC and MPI.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Currently there seems to be a hiatus in
activity following the sobering results of the 2014 survey and the institution
of the total ban.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ">Questions that need
answering</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">A number of
important questions need answering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What
has happened since 2005 to cause the pipi to die? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can pipi die-out be remedied?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will the disappearance of the pipi endanger
the stability of Marsden Point, and if so, when, under what conditions, and
what can be done about it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will the
total ban on pipi picking rebuild the pipi population, or is more action
needed?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What effects will Northport’s
proposed deepening of the harbour channel have upon the integrity of Mair Bank
and Marsden Bank?</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Whangarei
Harbour and Marsden Point are valuable national assets worth billions of
dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The disappearance of the pipi
that stabilise the harbour entrance is a national issue that affects us all,
and one that must be addressed competently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Current information is patchy, incomplete and inconclusive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A properly scoped and adequately funded Mair
Bank Sustainable Management and Recovery Plan needs to be commissioned immediately
by MPI as lead authority, supported by all the stakeholders involved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be interesting to see what the next
steps will be by the authorities responsible for the sustainable management of
the Whangarei Harbour and its priceless pipi.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Susan Harris BSc(Hons)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Principal Scientist</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">GreenXperts Limited</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mobile: +64 22
1544 958</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Email: susan.harris@greenxperts.co.nz</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-NZ"><a href="http://www.greenxperts.co.nz/"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">www.greenxperts.co.nz</span></a></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
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4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-44116163555116937132014-01-23T15:49:00.000+13:002014-01-23T15:51:27.959+13:00Pollution at Wellington Dive platform off the scale - Project Blue could have warned the public within hours<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs2F1Mp4oAQ9XPRDGOwpDHMO6otLeSmS7V-_KoMD9HJyehTGHhMbncXDhcMyDx2swZBexcQWc_kAB_j5v-3aCO7qg5lCJeVWGHmVfUZIZ4esBf_oWwFZCYBtJkf9nW-xawZR_5SC2giPkG/s1600/PB_smartphone1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs2F1Mp4oAQ9XPRDGOwpDHMO6otLeSmS7V-_KoMD9HJyehTGHhMbncXDhcMyDx2swZBexcQWc_kAB_j5v-3aCO7qg5lCJeVWGHmVfUZIZ4esBf_oWwFZCYBtJkf9nW-xawZR_5SC2giPkG/s1600/PB_smartphone1.jpg" height="301" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/9639357/Pollution-at-dive-platform-off-the-scale" target="_blank">Pollution at Wellington dive platform off the scale</a><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Project Blue technology can warn people within hours of these types of public health risks - and quickly trace the source of contamination. There is no need these days, with Project Blue technology, to expose the public to this type of danger.</span>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-39914147470130315182013-12-23T12:03:00.001+13:002014-01-23T15:51:07.980+13:00Sustainable water supplies mean life or death for fruit industry<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bE91PXEp4dnF4tR5cYOIV6vQe_czJFSoF7f_z8bffadfeGqwqIwcIOFNWyNyZO3WcVnWuRxlOiJGUTDal2VisuOkT1y6CheUQO7P2E_SerRrBAFQcvlBUgoTfUA7QwLzxk2RfHaYQzIs/s1600/FreshFruit+Portal+Header2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bE91PXEp4dnF4tR5cYOIV6vQe_czJFSoF7f_z8bffadfeGqwqIwcIOFNWyNyZO3WcVnWuRxlOiJGUTDal2VisuOkT1y6CheUQO7P2E_SerRrBAFQcvlBUgoTfUA7QwLzxk2RfHaYQzIs/s1600/FreshFruit+Portal+Header2.jpg" height="49" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Latest article published in Fresh Fruit Portal:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.freshfruitportal.com/2013/12/20/opinion-sustainable-water-supplies-mean-life-or-death-for-fruit-industry/?country=others" target="_blank">http://www.freshfruitportal.com/2013/12/20/opinion-sustainable-water-supplies-mean-life-or-death-for-fruit-industry/?country=others</a>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-34018226338941461262013-12-18T10:13:00.001+13:002013-12-18T11:47:54.467+13:00Live water quality reports available with Project Blue technology<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3LFQk2DweC0j-9PWFj8kmd6lXdpbGEMBOB86QTiCvi50650Dw68P6Ke72IzyQpjO_PpdHZafD282NEDKhcTdk6vPZZlBNj8wFZYcU0IEhDe6cyjj_isFGq3staS79DsK6FVCGHMSNiIsF/s1600/PB_smartphone1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3LFQk2DweC0j-9PWFj8kmd6lXdpbGEMBOB86QTiCvi50650Dw68P6Ke72IzyQpjO_PpdHZafD282NEDKhcTdk6vPZZlBNj8wFZYcU0IEhDe6cyjj_isFGq3staS79DsK6FVCGHMSNiIsF/s1600/PB_smartphone1.jpg" height="301" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
A recent news article <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/agribusiness/9520715/Water-quality-tops-public-concerns" target="_blank">here</a> reports that water quality is the New Zealand public's greatest environmental concern. But the public lacks access to accurate, current, and easy-to-understand water quality information about their local stream, river, lake or beach.<br />
<br />
A group of Kiwi scientists and computer engineers working with GreenXperts has solved this problem by inventing smart-phone based technology that provides accurate water quality reporting live, on-line, anywhere in New Zealand (indeed, anywhere in the world). We call it Project Blue.<br />
<br />
Project Blue's public Facebook module is running live on Facebook at <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ProjectBlueGlobal" target="_blank">Project Blue Global</a> and <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Project-Blue-New-Zealand/288575687930255" target="_blank">Project Blue New Zealand</a>. Other pages have been set up for popular water spots throughout New Zealand - just search by region or beach name. Anyone can post a water observation and have it analysed for free by our scientists. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ProjectBlueNorthPacific" target="_blank">Project Blue North Pacific</a> is providing support for Ivan Macfayden in his work to help fix the "broken ocean".<br />
<br />
Project Blue's enterprise module ADAAR (Automated Data Analysis And Reporting) is available as a high tech "bolt-on" to existing water monitoring systems for a few dollars per person, or as a stand-alone for a few dollars more. Customised packages for industry and other water users are also available - especially useful for legal cases. ADAAR is not yet available to the New Zealand public - we hope it will be by next summer.<br />
<br />
Look out for fakes and unauthorised copies - we know they're being worked on.<br />
<br />
Just to let you know the technology exists, and you can use it on Facebook from any smartphone or personal computer anywhere.<br />
<br />
Merry Christmas!<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-4113713077275715342013-12-16T08:38:00.002+13:002013-12-16T08:38:31.595+13:00Emission trading not dead - EU Parliament supports carbon prices<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjc5uDWga5y4RQm7VMPqYpwXbySNCViRjgZF0BUvPEPemNqLInKcZFuwgJqqPDQBBh2kAL3GsFABdl7OA8M1v0PJbNTas2KKiQZRtaAosw5lWXIORRaZU_HHUbeaTiQcYk9X5mptYZaob/s1600/1factorypollution%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjc5uDWga5y4RQm7VMPqYpwXbySNCViRjgZF0BUvPEPemNqLInKcZFuwgJqqPDQBBh2kAL3GsFABdl7OA8M1v0PJbNTas2KKiQZRtaAosw5lWXIORRaZU_HHUbeaTiQcYk9X5mptYZaob/s1600/1factorypollution%5B1%5D.jpg" height="276" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Last week the European Parliament approved measures to support carbon prices in the EU Emissions Trading System. Click <a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20131206IPR30077/html/Climate-change-Parliament-approves-measures-to-support-carbon-permit-prices#!" target="_blank">here</a> for more detail.<br />
<br />
Europe is still focused on dealing with climate change. Carbon Neutral, or even better, Carbon Negative products will sell well in Europe. <br />
<br />
Go to <a href="http://www.greentick.com/" target="_blank">Green Tick Certification</a> for information on Carbon Neutral and Carbon Negative certification for products targeted at EU customers.<br />
<br />
<br />4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0Whangarei, New Zealand-35.7251117 174.323708-35.9313977 174.00098450000002 -35.5188257 174.6464315tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-23485718207315783932013-11-27T11:28:00.001+13:002013-11-27T11:28:52.246+13:00Here we go again...more millions to be wasted on water quality wallowing...<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeB9JcMvNHEQxLGv7Tz97epXKVd070pGP3jw-LOCkoxO5PfrXSZjazJCaf4OTvGQt2OLTSZc5n4AH9uR-N9JoY-tfm7oVpKmWhnD0jOQuvNwPzsTPbWwd304yTNXkzifc-2jBvhBNm9mv3/s1600/kerikeri+river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeB9JcMvNHEQxLGv7Tz97epXKVd070pGP3jw-LOCkoxO5PfrXSZjazJCaf4OTvGQt2OLTSZc5n4AH9uR-N9JoY-tfm7oVpKmWhnD0jOQuvNwPzsTPbWwd304yTNXkzifc-2jBvhBNm9mv3/s1600/kerikeri+river.jpg" height="214" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
On 21 November, the latest and most authoritative report on water quality in New Zealand from the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, Dr Jan Wright, elegantly and pointedly describes New Zealand's most pressing environmental and economic issue - increasing pollution of our waterways from intensification of land use for agriculture. Dr Wright politely says water managers and industry are not doing enough to prevent the continuing degradation in water quality, and that the situation is just going to get worse.<br />
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Unsurprisingly, the Ministers for Primary Industry and Environment immediately released a press statement saying, "No worries, we're on it..." <br />
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Well, they're not. <br />
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The latest effort on national fresh water management "reform" has been through the Government-sponsored Land and Water Forum, a multi-party collaborative group. After three years of work and millions of dollars, the Forum informs us in their third and final report of 15 November that their considered recommendation is to "call for community decisions at catchment level – within national frameworks and bottom lines from central Government.”<br />
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What? This is nothing new. This mantra was trotted out to me when I first joined the Northland Catchment Commission (now Regional Council) 26 years ago. And the message hasn't changed. And it's not wrong. And scientifically sound water quality standards were set all those years ago by perfectly competent scientists and engineers, culminating in the Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality published in the year 2000 - 13 years ago.<br />
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What has happened since? Well, briefly, communities have been arguing about water quality standards and enforcement of them ever since. The science has been ignored and manipulated and mocked, sensible and safe water quality limits have not been respected or enforced, and the basis of more than half of New Zealand's wealth continues to literally go down the drain.<br />
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It looks like we're set to go around the mountain again, and waste millions more of taxpayers' and ratepayers' money on rediagnoses of the problem, endless ruminations and court cases on what water quality limits should be set in what rivers, legal and political pressure by powerful vested interests to push large land and water development projects and consents through, ditto for those Councils who want to take more water and discharge more poorly treated waste, sporadic and passionate protests about it all from iwi, green groups and the tourism industry, and continued accelerating worsening of land and water quality nationwide. <br />
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I understand from the grapevine that Fonterra is putting pressure on farmers to go to two cows an acre. If true, this is utter madness. The land can't take it, the water can't take it, and the farmers are exhausted enough without doubling their worries. It may create work for another generation of scientists, engineers, lawyers, and corporate managers, but New Zealand doesn't have the technology or carrying capacity to handle it. Are we going to cover the country in cows? Fonterra already has a major problem trying to deal with over $700 million in exposure to no less than three food safety scares in the past five years, and a $1.1 billion climate change charge (production loss from drought) imposed by Mother Nature. Fonterra shareholders must be bouncing off the walls. Imagine what would happen if just European and Asian customers, for example, decided to no longer buy Anchor butter and other Fonterra products because of dirty water issues, especially if a "green" competitor came along and offered genuinely 'clean green' dairy products? To be sure...the opposition is working on it.<br />
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Similarly so for the meat companies. Silver Fern Farms' recently reported latest annual loss is $28.6 million, slightly better than the previous year's $31.1 million loss. Beef margins have reportedly halved, and livestock numbers are down because of drought (climate change charges again). Total debt between Silver Fern Farms, Alliance Meats and AFFCO is running around $700 million, so there must be very grumpy shareholders in the meat sector too. What will happen there when the 'clean green' mirage finally disappears and our high margin buyers in Europe go off to buy their meat from genuinely 'greener' pastures? No customer is fooled by unsupported green claims, superficial green labelling, and cynical self-accreditation schemes, especially when their buyers come out here and have an unpleasant water experience...<br />
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Happily, there are a few organisations that understand that being more efficient, facing up to reality, and cleaning up your own mess are the same thing....examples of good practice are out there....land and water care groups soldier on and make a difference in small local examples. The Whangarei District Council has wisely planned for less water in future by putting in more storage, and for years it has been tertiary-treating its effluent through a wetland. Occasionally the forest industry puts its hand up to say, "hey, don't forget about us, we can do more..."<br />
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But what to expect now? Well, expect the eminent Dr Jan Wright to be replaced by an apologist for dirty water policy sometime next year; expect agricultural companies run by Boards with their brains hardwired into the 19th Century to continue to run interference and use delaying tactics and behind the scenes politics to keep the status quo; expect a myopic central government and emasculated local government (bar a few exceptions) to continue to waste your money by reinvestigating and relitigating the obvious; and expect the clean green mirage to disappear completely soon, with most of the huge cost of this (in export losses) to come out of your taxpayer pocket.<br />
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Do we have solutions? Yes, we do, and we have done for over 20 years. But we need attitudinal change at grassroots level, 19th Century-based Board members and politicians removed, and a major redirection of our science, engineering and marketing skills away from the lethal and lazy mirage of volume-based "more production, more production, low margin" policy into efficiency-based "high quality, genuinely green products for a premium price" policy. <br />
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Then we can be price-makers, like we used to be; not price-takers, like we are.<br />
<br />
And maybe in 10 years' time it'll be safe to have a Christmas Day swim in the swimming hole at my brother-in-law's place on the Kerikeri River....Dreams are free...4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-14525214192855131802013-10-16T13:41:00.000+13:002013-10-16T13:43:58.528+13:00Snapper Decision Smart Politics But Poor Resource Management<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9SRo4URvlvwUYqAzU8kux3uPiZbJM0j4vtuy5T-vb5IQjs4sKMsBYHTghMYeHqjJus0vE_GKy7Fx7ahxE1DDZdoH0kbef7I5bNRGNXMS6IbGIO7j7TYuhIM3e_eBoYkHmRHzoSBPghEtr/s1600/snapper1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9SRo4URvlvwUYqAzU8kux3uPiZbJM0j4vtuy5T-vb5IQjs4sKMsBYHTghMYeHqjJus0vE_GKy7Fx7ahxE1DDZdoH0kbef7I5bNRGNXMS6IbGIO7j7TYuhIM3e_eBoYkHmRHzoSBPghEtr/s1600/snapper1.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/Consultations/SNA1+management+decision.htm" target="_blank">Snapper SNA 1 Minister's Decision</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Now having had time to ruminate on the Minister's decision on the SNA 1 snapper fishery, and looking out the window to the sou-westerly sweeping across Whangarei Harbour, I can't escape the conclusion that the Hon Nathan Guy has made a smart political decision, but a poor resource management one.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Not surprising really, when you have your Prime Minister and fellow MPs assailed by every outraged recreational fisher in their electorate at the thought of going to sea and spending $200 bucks on fuel alone just to bring home 3 snapper....and it doesn't help that your party president owns a huge slice of the commercial cake, I mean fillet.....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Easier to give the recfishers what they want and not tick off over a million New Zealanders 13 months before the next election. Reasoning being that 500 tonnes either way won't show up on the statistics and so won't matter....smart thinking, but not smart statesmanship that your children and grandchildren will remember you for.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And smart politics, but unfortunately when you check the maths again, and think about the fishery being on a knife edge, and all the natural uncertainties out there on the wind and the water, and climate change (which is not a religion but a scientific fact), it may be enough to tip the fishery the wrong way, and then we end up with nothing for all.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Not quite as bad as the hoki decision some time ago where 100,000 tonnes was allocated that simply wasn't there, leading to a melt-down in some fishing communities, and major embarrassment in the UK when it was revealed that NZ's sustainability claims for hoki were, well, just hoki...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But certainly not the best for the SNA1 fishery. Which comes back to the key point in my 'umble submission. We need to get together, recfishers, commercial fishers, and government, and all offer some meaningful concessions and reductions that will take pressure off the fishery long term, so that sometime in my lifetime (I hope), we can run the maths again, and see a certain and steady upturn in fish population numbers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The dream of sustainability. That's what I mean.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-53496713225920424702013-09-26T12:01:00.001+12:002013-09-26T12:01:10.379+12:00Mother Nature Applies $1.15 Billion Climate Change Charge to Fonterra Earnings<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ44zkZnpULkxloUgjY_P85_efv6q5DEBp-jnTpuky5VRkLJIe7U6wkj9Oo3MdahCNUh2a4f2QqQK_nINhPliBO9zgXIgeeRZyOIAHX_BS7wIPd9HbILB_PHxfSFHXTSdhIqTMgIRAjGrA/s1600/cows1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ44zkZnpULkxloUgjY_P85_efv6q5DEBp-jnTpuky5VRkLJIe7U6wkj9Oo3MdahCNUh2a4f2QqQK_nINhPliBO9zgXIgeeRZyOIAHX_BS7wIPd9HbILB_PHxfSFHXTSdhIqTMgIRAjGrA/s1600/cows1.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/fonterra-maintains-dividend-earnings-fall-db-146299" target="_blank">NBR Article 25092013 John Wilson's Summary</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Drought - one of the long predicted effects of climate change, is now showing up in Fonterra's corporate results, with Chairman John Wilson reporting a 9% drop in milk production in the last six months of the season, a 28% (!) reduction in cashflow.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Revenue fell 6% to $18.6 billion, meaning a drop of $1.15 billion in earnings for Fonterra farmers, or, a Climate Change Charge of $1.15 billion. That's a lot of money. This drop outweighed the effect of any other negatives "headwinds", such as food safety issues. Fonterra has used its Treasury to insulate farmers from the effects of drought by raising the Advance Rate to farmers - effectively a climate change subsidy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And perversely, drought in other locations around the world has made the price paid for dairy products go up, as supply goes down.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It will be interesting to see how New Zealand's largest company copes with increasing drought and flooding predicted as a result of climate change. How long will its Treasury hold out? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Climate Change Charges are also being applied to other New Zealanders - the Insurance Council reported $100 million in costs from recent storms.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This just shows us that New Zealand needs to get back in the game of taking serious and effective action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This $1.15 billion, which has come to charge now, in this financial year, is way way more than the predicted cost of any carbon trading scheme, let alone any carbon tax. And it would pay for an awful lot of good science and lobbying in the international arena - and this is a Climate Change Charge on just one of our industries! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mother Nature responds only to the laws of physics, not to the naive notions of lobbyists and vested interests still living in the 19th Century. Farmers would do well to get together and plant a whole heap of trees. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I'll be keeping track of Climate Change Charges in future for New Zealand and other countries...Australia is an interesting case study....more on that later....</span>4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-73524105721912899352013-08-23T13:39:00.000+12:002013-08-23T13:39:31.309+12:00Submission on SNA 1 Snapper Fishery Sustainability Review<div class="WordSection1">
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<o:p> </o:p><b>Submission on: SNA 1 Initial Position Paper 2013</b></h2>
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Harris (5 years) of Whangarei Heads<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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of Legasea.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="SubtitleChar"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ashley Harris Susan Harris</span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Table of Contents</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if supportFields]><span
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MERGEFORMAT <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span> PAGEREF
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2 Parties to this submission...................................................................................................... <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3 Key issues............................................................................................................................. <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3.1 Vulnerability of the fishery............................................................................................. <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3.2 Glacial and fragile stock recovery.................................................................................... <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3.3 Overly optimistic scenarios............................................................................................. <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3.4 Critical information gaps................................................................................................. <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3.5 Unsustainable current management by all parties.......................................................... <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3.6 Competitive attitudes.................................................................................................... <!--[if supportFields]><span
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3.7 Need for change............................................................................................................ <!--[if supportFields]><span
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4 Relief sought - recommended strategy.................................................................................. <!--[if supportFields]><span
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5 Conclusion............................................................................................................................ <!--[if supportFields]><span
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6 Appendix 1: Key observations............................................................................................... <!--[if supportFields]><span
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7 Appendix 2: References...................................................................................................... <!--[if supportFields]><span
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<div class="WordSection3">
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020689"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Introduction</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
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This is a submission on the Ministry of Primary Industries’
(MPI’s) Initial Position Paper on proposals for sustainability measures and
other management controls for SNA 1 for the October 2013/2014 fishing year, MPI
Discussion Paper No: 2013/31, July 2013 (IPP).
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The submission comprises the following sections:<o:p></o:p></div>
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Section 2:
Parties to the submission<o:p></o:p></div>
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Section 3:
Key issues <o:p></o:p></div>
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Section 4:
Relief sought – recommended strategy<o:p></o:p></div>
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Section 5:
Conclusions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020690"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Parties to this submission</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This submission has been prepared by GreenXperts Limited
(GreenXperts) for and on behalf of:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ashley and Susan Harris of Whangarei Heads;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Their children, James (7 years) and Kimberley
Harris (5 years) of Whangarei Heads;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Any descendants of Ashley and Susan Harris; and<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Members, affiliates and supporters of Legasea.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The professional analysis, advice, opinions and
recommendations contained within this submission have been prepared for the
information of the parties to this submission, and are consistent with
Legasea’s policy to promote the rebuild of snapper stocks in SNA 1. However they do not represent the official
position of Legasea or the New Zealand Sport Fishing Council (NZSFC).<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020691"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Key issues</a> <o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020692"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.1<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Vulnerability of the fishery</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The science summarised in the IPP informs us that:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Snapper are a low productivity stock, and
therefore vulnerable to over-fishing;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->SNA 1 snapper grow the slowest in all of New
Zealand, and they have weaknesses in their age class structure (certain age classes
are missing); <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Snapper growth rates are declining; <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->SNA 1 stocks are severely depleted, having
suffered an 85% decrease from 1900 to 1997;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Some discernible recovery in the stocks has
occurred in the past ten years following restrictions in total allowable catch
(TAC); <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->However long term trends indicate that snapper
stocks are still declining;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Habitats of particular importance to snapper are
known to exist, but are not well described or protected; <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Snapper experience commercial and recreational
fishing pressure when spawning; <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Land use activities pose threats to snapper
nursery habitats in estuaries and harbours; and<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Snapper are the most intensively sought after
commercial and recreational marine fish in SNA 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It can be concluded that the SNA 1 snapper fishery is a very
vulnerable fishery that continues to experience intensive predatory pressure
from commercial and recreational fishers.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020693"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.2<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Glacial and fragile stock recovery</a> <o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The 2013 spawning stock biomass (B<sub>x</sub>) assessment
reported in the IPP informs us that:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->There was a massive 85% drop in stocks from 1900
to about 2000, almost to collapse levels.
The fishery was decimated over a period of 100 years, particularly by
foreign commercial vessels in the period 1960-1980;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->A very slow recovery occurred from about 1997
onward, following the imposition of catch limits. This recovery has been at a rate of about
0.25% per year;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--> At this
rate, it would take another 80 years (2093) to recover to target B<sub>40</sub>
level. That is, a recovery period of
about 150 years from the last time the stock was at B<sub>40</sub> (pre-WWII<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>); <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Statistically speaking, it could be argued from
the presented error and uncertainty analyses that there has actually been very
little recovery since 1997, and therefore the fishery is still in a critically
vulnerable state;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->It could also be argued that anecdotal reports
of recovery in estuaries and harbours are the result of reduced commercial
fishing pressure (due to catch limits imposed in 1997), temporary favourable weather
conditions within harbours (targeted by recreational fishers), an increasing
recreational fishing population (more people on the water therefore more
anecdotal reporting), and the enthusiasm of fishers; and,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The 2013 expert opinion on stock status is that
the stock remains over-fished by all fishers.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The data shows that the stock recovery is glacial and
fragile, and probably highly sensitive to seasonal environmental conditions and
fishing pressure. <o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020694"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.3<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Overly optimistic scenarios</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Despite the very competent summary and presentation of
fisheries science in the IPP (which includes statistical information,
modelling, and caveats encouraging caution), some overly optimistic scenarios and
management options are proposed, with the science being misapplied.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In particular, a TAC of 9,000 tonnes is proposed over next
five years, with a claim that there would be minimal impacts upon the East
Northland and Hauraki-Bay of Plenty sub-stocks, since this level of TAC would
only last five years. This projection is
based upon “recent average recruitment levels”, which are themselves a product
of a TAC of 7,550 tonnes (less fishing pressure). A TAC based on long term recruitment levels
suggests 3,800 tonnes might be sustainable, so it is extremely unlikely that a
TAC of 9,000 tonnes would represent a Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for the
fishery.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Within the context of the high demand and high expectations
on the fishery, it is considered dangerously irresponsible to make such a
suggestion. The precautionary principle,
an important and accepted principle of sustainability management, should be
part of the MPI ethos when managing vulnerable natural resources. Overly optimistic scenarios should not be
proposed, as they could create dangerously unrealistic expectations in many
quarters.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020695"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.4<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Critical information gaps</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The summary of science reveals a number of critical
information gaps that need to be addressed before adequately informed
management decisions can be made. The
most important gaps are summarised below in Table 1. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoCaption">
Table <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Table \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]-->1<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->: Critical information gaps<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightListAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1568; width: 100%px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<td style="background: #9BBB59; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: background1;">Topic<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #9BBB59; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: background1;">Information gap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Snapper growth
and productivity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Why do snapper in SNA 1 grow the slowest in NZ?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Why are snapper growth rates declining?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Effects of
climate change<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Better recruitment in warmer weather - positive impact of climate change
(warming sea)? Balanced against
negative impacts of ocean acidification? </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>XE "Research need" </span><![endif]--><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Value of
commercial fishery <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Probably under-reported as no work on industry economic multipliers,
opportunity costs, asset replacements and influence of technology, export and
domestic market demand trends appears to have been done. These are standard economic analyses, and
it is surprising that they have not be completed and presented. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Value of
recreational fishery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Value of the recreational fishery in SNA 1 is extraordinarily
under-studied and under-reported given its scientific and political
significance. A proper economic assessment
of the full economic and social value of recreational fishing to the NZ
economy and its community is needed.
These demands need to be monitored on a year-by-year basis, and
matched to demographic studies on projected population growth and recreational
fishing demand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Demographics
of recreational fishery – future demand assessments<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Research needed on demographics of SNA 1 to help project future fishing
demand, in particular recreational demand.
It is remarkable that to date, no proper demographic studies have been
completed on this critical social and economic aspect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Fishing
mortality – non-harvest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Is commercial and recreational non-harvest mortality similar?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Can industry-led research on fishing methods help discover ways to reduce
unintentional non-harvest mortality?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Habitats of
particular significance for fisheries management<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Critical to research location and extent of these areas and protect them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Effects of
fishing on spawning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Critical to research these effects and protect key spawning areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Benthic
interactions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Critical to research these effects and make management adjustments where
necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.58%;" valign="top" width="42%">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Ecosystem
indicators – eg. maximum size of fish in Hauraki Gulf decreasing, declines in
fish diversity in shallow waters – these are bad signs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.42%;" valign="top" width="57%">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Critical to research these indicators and make management adjustments
where necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI;">Source: Appendix 1<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fortunately many of these
gaps could be closed fairly quickly over the next two years. Considerable research is already underway,
and the topics in Table 1 could be added to existing research projects where
practical, or additional research projects commissioned to run alongside
them. Some of the topics are relatively
short term projects (eg. full value of commercial fishery); others are long
term with management monitoring elements (eg. ecosystem indicators). If not covered by existing projects,
topics 7-10 could be combined into one research project.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020696"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.5<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Unsustainable current management by all parties</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The 2013 expert assessment provided by the 2013 Fisheries
Assessment Plenary concludes that the SNA 1 stock is over-fished by all fishers
– commercial and recreational. All
parties are responsible for the unsustainable management of the SNA 1 snapper
stocks.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The IPP states that there needs to be a 56% reduction in TAC
to rebuild the fishery to B<sub>40</sub> levels in a 16-24 year period. If such is achieved, it would be towards the
end of Ashley and Susan Harris’ lifetimes.
Their children James Harris would be 26-34 years old, and Kimberley
Harris 21-29 years old. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tragically, based on past fisheries management performance,
Ashley and Susan Harris, their children, and grand-children, will not see
stocks achieve this level in their lifetimes. That is, it could take four generations to
rebuild the stocks to B<sub>40</sub>.
What an appalling legacy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That is the prime reason why we are making this submission –
we want to make sure that we pass on a better legacy to our children.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020697"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.6<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Competitive attitudes</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A short review of the information and draft submissions on
the IPP from Government, commercial fishing and recreational fishing sources
reveals unfortunate competitive and blame-shifting attitudes between the
commercial and recreational industries: “us versus them”, “it’s their fault,
not ours”, “this policy position “X” will ruin our industry (commercial or
recreational)”, and so on. The
Government position seems to oscillate between appearing to favour the
commercial fishers or the recreational fishers, depending upon levels of
lobbying and publicity at various times.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fortunately the current 2013 IPP strikes a reasonable
balance between the two.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However it needs to be said that the competitive attitude
between the two major stakeholders is frustrating the sustainable management of
the resource. It doesn’t matter to the
fish whose hook kills it – the fish is dead either way and is no longer part of
the spawning stock biomass. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Stock depletion issues are so severe with the SNA 1 snapper
fishery that if a cooperative attitude is not adopted then the fishery will
inevitably collapse and everybody will miss out.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020698"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.7<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Need for change</a><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All the best science and policy pretentions will not save
the fishery if fishery managers (MPI) and fishery stakeholders (commercial and
recreational fishers<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>)
do not acknowledge that the stock is currently over-fished by ALL fishers, and
agree to take effective action to rebuild the stock over an acceptable time
period.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In short, a cooperative attitude is an essential
pre-requisite to effective sustainable management of the resource. For this reason we support the MPI proposals
to encourage stakeholder input, encourage field research, and develop a long
term management strategy over the next two years. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, we do not support Options 2 or 3, as a 7% increase
or decrease in the TAC short term is not likely to benefit the fishery. Nor do we support management options based on
recent recruitment levels. Time needs to
be allowed to receive critical research results, and then a long term plan must
be agreed upon before the first short term steps can safely and sensibly be
made.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The SNA 1 snapper stock is probably stable enough at present
levels for a two year “pause” to be called to give time for a better informed
and united<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
long term management strategy to be devised and actioned. This would not prevent stakeholders from
taking voluntary actions (provided these are environmentally, economically and
socially sound) to improve the sustainability performance of their
industry. Nor would it prevent MPI from
taking more effective enforcement actions where required.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020699"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Relief sought - recommended strategy</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The relief we seek from the Minister is as follows:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister delay making a decision to change the TAC, TACC and recreational
allowances for two years.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister adopts Option 1 (Status quo) for the 2013-2015 fishing years.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister encourage all parties to adopt a cooperative approach to the
management of the SNA 1 snapper resource.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister commission research into the critical information gaps recommended
in Table 1 above. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister advises stakeholders that he intends to adopt a long term
management plan (LTMP) for the fishery to be actioned from the 2015 fishing
year onward.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
in the meantime, the Minister calls for public proposals from stakeholders for
voluntary sustainability programmes, including how their effectiveness will be
measured over the next two years.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister advises that he intends to host an “open book” Sustainable Snapper
Plenary for the SNA 1 area in August 2015, where the latest research will be
presented, and where stakeholders will be invited to present their latest
information and views on a Long Term Management Strategy (LTMS) for SNA 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister invites all stakeholders to enter discussions with MPI and submit
proposals on a possible LTMS by late August 2014. Further cooperative discussions and meetings
would occur, with a Draft LTMS to be published in May 2015.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->That
the Minister provides more resources for enforcement activities in targeted
areas of known non-compliance.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020700"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Conclusion</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We would like to thank the Minister for the opportunity to
present this submission. If we can be of
any further assistance, or if further information is required, please contact
our representative Mrs Susan Harris of GreenXperts, contact details below.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We look forward to the Minister making decisions that will
ensure our children and grand-children are able to enjoy fishing for snapper as
we have within our lifetimes, and to a greater extent within theirs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Contact:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
Mrs Susan Harris<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
Principal Scientist<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
Mob: 022 1544 958<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
Email: <a href="mailto:susan.harris@greenxperts.co.nz">susan.harris@greenxperts.co.nz</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 46.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 128.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
GreenXperts Limited<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
Clean Technology Centre<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
47 Miro Street, Otaki
5512<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
PO Box 52, Paraparaumu
5254 <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
Wellington<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
New Zealand<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
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<div align="left" class="University" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 21.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 24pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “GreenXperts” Network <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="WordSection4">
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020701"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Appendix 1: Key observations</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="page-break-after: avoid;">
Table <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Table \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]-->2<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->:
Summary of observations<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightListAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1568;">
<thead>
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<td style="background: #9BBB59; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: background1;">Page<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #9BBB59; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: background1;">Paragraph <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #9BBB59; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: background1;">Topic<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #9BBB59; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: background1;">Observation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 31.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 248.85pt;" width="332">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">BIOLOGY</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Snapper growth and productivity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: blue; font-family: Webdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-symbol-font-family: Webdings;">i</span></b> <span lang="EN-US">Snapper a low productivity stock – therefore particularly vulnerable to
overfishing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">SNA 1 snapper grow the slowest of all in NZ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US">Why? </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>XE "Research need" </span><![endif]--><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Importance of snapper as a food source for other predators poorly
understood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US">Research need<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Snapper abundant predator in inshore ecosystem – their importance poorly
understood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US">Research need<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Warmer water has positive effects on snapper recruitment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Positive
impact of climate change (warming sea)?
Balanced against negative impacts of ocean acidification? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Weakness in age class structure - fewer age classes in SNA 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: blue; font-family: Webdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-symbol-font-family: Webdings;">i</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">SNA 1
recruitment vulnerable because of fewer age classes present?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" width="616">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">COMMERCIAL FISHERY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Extensive controls already on commercial fishers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Are these effective? Can they be
simplified?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">37<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">ACE entitlements don’t seem to be flexible or financially fair to
commercial fishers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Market failure of ACE? Can a better economic instrument be designed? Consult with commercial fishers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Figure 3.2 Commercial catch exceeds TACC in most years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<b><span style="color: blue; font-family: Webdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-symbol-font-family: Webdings;">i</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b>But what are the error limits on
this data? Extent of under-reporting
and dump at sea?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">TACC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">TACC hasn’t changed in 16 years (since 1997)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">41<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Drop in commercial fleet to around 200 vessels since 1993<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Fleet reduction a result of over-fishing, and introduction of more
efficient vessels, not as a result of the QMS! The QMS followed collapse of the fishery<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">47<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Value of the commercial fishery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">This value is under-stated, as it does not include the value of the
domestic market (snapper wet fish in supermarkets presently sold at $40/kg+),
or any estimates of economic multipliers to the NZ economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">RECREATIONAL FISHERY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Recreational fishing 85% by boat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: blue; font-family: Webdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-symbol-font-family: Webdings;">i</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">How many boats
in the recreational fleet? No numbers found in scientific literature search<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">57<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Data quality<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Data prior to 2000 may still be useful for trend analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">63<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Table 3.4 Recreational catch estimates 2004-2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Surprisingly good correlation between aerial access and panel surveys. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">73<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Value of the recreational fishery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Value of the
recreational fishery in SNA 1 is extraordinarily under-studied and
under-reported given its scientific and political significance. The postulate in the IPP that recreational
fishing is roughly equivalent in value to commercial fishing has very little
support in the scientific literature.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">81<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Fishing mortality<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Commercial and
recreational fishing mortality similar?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 31.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" width="616">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">2013 STOCK ASSESSMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">88<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Snapper growth rates declining<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US"> Urgent
research need<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">91<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Interim biomass target B<sub>40</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Acceptable target<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">93<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Spawning stock biomass (B<sub>x</sub>) history from 1900 to about 2000.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Massive 85% drop in B<sub>x</sub> from 1900 to about 2000. Fishery decimated over a period of 100
years, particularly by foreign commercial vessels in the period 1960-1980.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">94<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">B<sub>x</sub> from 2000 onward<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Very slow recovery from about 1997 onward, at a rate of about 0.25% per
year<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. At this rate, it would take another 80
years (2093) to recover to target B<sub>40</sub> level. That is, a recovery period of about 150
years from the last time the stock was at B<sub>40</sub> (pre-WWII). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">97<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2013 expert opinion on stock status<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Stock overfished by all fishers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">99<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Matching scenarios to options:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Status quo -current actual catch <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Option 1 - current legal catch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Option 2 – increase TAC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Option 3 – decrease TAC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">No fishing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Scenario number and effect:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1 commercial </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> recreational </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> POS </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">2 commercial </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> recreational</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> POS </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">3 commercial </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> recreational </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> POS </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">4 commercial </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> recreational </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> POS </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">5 commercial </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> recreational </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> POS </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">103<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">B<sub>x</sub> recovery 1-4% over 5 years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">No real change if error levels and uncertainty analysis considered<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">104<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Five year projections based on “well above average” recruitment levels in
most recent ten years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Dangerously optimistic position given all the relevant caveats stated
previously in the IPP. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">107<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">“No fishing” leads to recovery to B<sub>40</sub> in eight years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Won’t happen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">36<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">110<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recovery rate glacial<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Cf. page 30, paragraph 94.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">36<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">113<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Harvest Strategy Standard (HSS) guideline on stock recovery timeframe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Snapper a depleted stock. Under
HSS, need to reduce TAC 56% to achieve rebuild in 16-24 year range. Such a reduction unlikely without major
fisher commitment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" width="616">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">OTHER KEY CONSIDERATIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">37<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">117<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Habitat of particular significance for fisheries management<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Critical to
research location and extent of these areas and protect them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">37<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">119<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Effects of fishing on spawning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Critical to
research these effects and protect key spawning areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">39<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">128<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Benthic interactions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Critical to
research these effects and make management adjustments where necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">39<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">129<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Ecosystem indicators – eg. maximum size of fish in Hauraki Gulf
decreasing, declines in fish diversity in shallow waters – these are bad
signs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Critical to
research these indicators and make management adjustments where necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If not covered by existing research projects, these four items could be
combined into one research project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 37;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" width="616">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">PROPOSED RESPONSE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">145<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Proposed interim target B<sub>40</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">OK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">44<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">155<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recovery projections<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recovery slow and fragile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">44<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">156<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">TAC of 9,000 tonnes over next five years with minimal impact on
sub-stocks - projection based on
“recent average recruitment levels”.
TAC based on long term levels suggests 3,800 tonnes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">TAC of 9,000 tonnes is an outrageous and dangerously irresponsible
suggestion, given all the previous information and caveats stated in the
IPP. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">161<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">SNA 1 high value shared fishery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">162,164<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">SNA 1 is a fully utilized stock<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Actually over-utilised. Demand
will go up with population growth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US">Research
needed on demographics of SNA 1 to help project future fishing demand, in
particular recreational demand. It is
remarkable that to date, no proper demographic studies have been completed on
this critical social and economic aspect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">48<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">172<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recreational catch histories, Figure 6.1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) appears to have had no negative effect
on recreational fishing activity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">177<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Estimates of commercial value<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">These values are likely to be understated, as no work on industry
economic multipliers, opportunity costs, asset replacements and influence of
technology, export and domestic market demand trends appears to have been
done. These are standard economic
analyses, and it is surprising that they have not be completed and presented.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">178<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Estimates of recreational value<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Cf page 24, paragraph 73.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US">Critical
research needed to provide a proper economic assessment of the full economic
and social value of recreational fishing to the NZ economy and its
community. These demands need to be
monitored on a year-by-year basis, and matched to demographic studies on
projected population growth and recreational fishing demand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">192<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Remove commercial MLS and require all catch to be landed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Warrants serious consideration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">194<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Fishing method mortality<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span lang="EN-US">Research need
– industry led<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 48;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" width="616">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">PROPOSED SNA 1 MANAGEMENT OPTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">198<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Long term trend shows stock levels still going down<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Current management clearly not sustainable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">199<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Long term B<sub>x</sub> will continue to decline unless TAC reduced by
approximately 20%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Current commercial and recreational fishing pressures are continuing to
deplete the fishery. This is not a
“commercial” or “recreational’ problem, it is everybody’s problem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">55<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">203<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Only Option 3 – reduce TAC by 500 tonnes – decreases pressure on the
fishery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Cf page 32, paragraph 99. However,
the biology and uncertainties involved make this reduction of no
consequence. A reduction of at least
20% (1,500 tonnes) would be required to be effective.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">56-76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">205-311<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Discussion of Options 1-3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Option 1 - no change<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Option 2 – increase TAC 7%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Option3 – decrease TAC 7%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">211<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Short term projections on recruitment levels used again, despite previous
caveats<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The precautionary principle, an important accepted principle of
sustainability management, does not appear to be part of the MPI ethos when
managing vulnerable natural resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">221<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recreational catch exceeds allowance by 31%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Commercial fishers have a right to complain if recreational over-catch is
not constrained by MPI!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">234<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recreational bag limit and recreational MLS tools to manage recreational
fishing impacts on the resource<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Various combinations possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">293<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Proportional allocations of TAC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Various combinations possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 57;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" width="616">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">FUTURE MANAGEMENT OF SNA 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">313<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Stakeholder input critical<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Agree<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">314<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Development of long term management strategy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Top priority<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">315<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Research underway to source important information for decision-making<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Support extension of research efforts, given the national priorities
associated with the SNA 1 snapper fishery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.85pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">77<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 57.8pt;" valign="top" width="77">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">317<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 158.2pt;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Long term management strategy develop over next two years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.25pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Agree with 2015 target date.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Key: </span></i><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: Webdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-symbol-font-family: Webdings;">i</span></b><i><span style="color: blue; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-no-proof: yes;">Key information</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 2";">ê</span><span style="color: red;"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Research need</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Source:
MPI 2013a,b,c<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<h1>
<a href="" name="_Toc365020702"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Appendix 2: References</a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Economic Research Associates Pty Ltd (2010): Cutting the
Cake in a Shared Fishery with a Minimally Managed Non Commercial Sector, April
2010, Nedlands, Western Australia. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bruce W. Hartill, Tim G. Watson & Richard Bian (2011)
Refining and Applying a Maximum-Count Aerial-Access Survey Design to Estimate
the Harvest Taken from New Zealand's Largest Recreational Fishery, North
American Journal of Fisheries Management, 31:6, 1197-1210, DOI: <span style="color: blue;">10.1080/02755947.2011.646454</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kerr G N and Latham N (2011): “The Value of Recreational
Inshore Marine Fishing”, 2011.
Proceedings of the New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics
Society Annual Conference, August 2011, Nelson.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ministry for Fisheries (2008): Harvest Strategy Standard for
New Zealand Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries — October 2008, Wellington.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ministry for Primary Industries (2012): <span style="background: white;">Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Annual Review
(2012), Wellington.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 114%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ministry for Primary Industries (2013<i>a</i>): Fisheries Assessment Plenary May 2013: Stock Assessments and
Yield Estimates, June 2013 (087_SNA_2013), Wellington.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ministry for Primary Industries (2013<i>b</i>): <span style="background: white;">Fisheries Assessment Plenary May
2013: Stock Assessments and Yield Estimates Volume 1, Wellington.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 114%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ministry for Primary Industries (2013<i>c</i>): Review of sustainability and other management controls for
snapper 1 (SNA 1), M<span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 114%;">PI
Discussion Paper No: 2013/31, July 2013, Wellington.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 114%;">South
Australian Centre for Economic Studies (1999): Value of New Zealand
Recreational Fishing, November 1999, Adelaide and Flinders Universities.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div>
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<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
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<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
World War II 1939-1945<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
95% certainty of human-induced climate change in latest draft IPCC report <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/science/9070521/Few-doubts-on-climate-change">IPPC
2013 Draft Report [informal]</a><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Customary fishers are included as recreational fishers<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Generally agreed by all stakeholders<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Figure 4, MPI 087_SNA_2013<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Google Scholar, <a href="http://www.fish.govt.nz/">www.fish.govt.nz</a> and NIWA
library search 22 August 2013<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
See <a href="http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/bitstream/10182/5194/1/Value_recreational_%20fishing.pdf">Kerr
and Latham 2011</a> for an interesting recent summary<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Figure 4, MPI 087_SNA_2013<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> 4%
recovery over 16 years calculated from paragraphs 5 and 146.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Susan_Harris.Susan-PC/Documents/GreenXperts/Clients/Legasea/A&amp;SHarris_SNA1_2013_Submission_FINAL.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 114%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
POS = Pressure on Stock, or catch levels:
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span>downV <span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span>
up^ <span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"></span>
same><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-98262130079946956.post-72688102448896473322013-03-21T08:58:00.002+13:002013-03-21T08:58:25.543+13:00Let's be an innovation factory....<br />
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First published in stuff.co.nz on 16.10.2012</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVQqFdIp5T6i4ft0c-bC5NaApAmr13lfI8SAgnrOXfFIzMxoAzHelXGdWnzb0yakQrszTEuDk-xHkBQ2tUp_STfIT2fsHk6jG4LBy7ov29xNk_qSGgb0t8Lf04J31Uo9zCfLP6zKuVP60E/s1600/scientist+in+a+lab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVQqFdIp5T6i4ft0c-bC5NaApAmr13lfI8SAgnrOXfFIzMxoAzHelXGdWnzb0yakQrszTEuDk-xHkBQ2tUp_STfIT2fsHk6jG4LBy7ov29xNk_qSGgb0t8Lf04J31Uo9zCfLP6zKuVP60E/s1600/scientist+in+a+lab.jpg" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<b>New Zealand the Innovation Factory</b></div>
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New Zealand needs to turn itself into an innovation factory that creates more export products and services, then more jobs, then more export revenue, then more tax-paid profits. We have plenty of people working on "garden shed" innovations, but we're not good at commercialisation - that is, taking a great idea and turning it into a commercial product that we can sell globally. Why?</div>
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Because to create great export products we need: a great idea, enough money to develop it, connections to customers who want it, a superb sales and marketing strategy to sell it - all wrapped up in a fantastic business plan with a great team to execute it. Some organisations are doing this, but not enough of them.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What are NZ's weaknesses?</strong></div>
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1. Expecting the government to pay for everything – wake up, New Zealand, the government hasn't got the money. We’re going to have to do for ourselves. They need US to give THEM tax revenue before THEY can give US anything.</div>
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2. Picking losers mentality - I've heard officials and "experts" in high-powered meetings say righteously: "We're not here to pick winners." Yeah right - what are we here for then? To waste government and private money picking losers? No, we need to develop the skills and nous to pick winners.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
3. Lack of commercialisation skills, market nous, and market contacts among our scientists – and expecting them to have all these when they should be working on their ideas. Our scientists are good scientists, but generally not good business people. That’s because they're trained to be scientists, not business people. We need to give our scientists some basic business training, connect them with skilled business people to help commercialise their ideas, but mostly leave them alone to get on with it without worrying about who’s going to get made redundant next.</div>
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4. Lack of correct performance measures - we need to ask questions like: How much public money could this product save? How many export jobs will it create? How can we keep the jobs and tax revenue in New Zealand? Is it a new paradigm that will change the world? How do we foster an atmosphere of innovation?</div>
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5. We sell off our best ideas (and people) to overseas owners. This is promoted as a good thing - foreign capital raising so that majority ownership goes offshore. Pretty dumb, really. Sure, the inventor gets a few million (BMW, boat and bach) initially, but the billions are captured by foreign owners and foreign governments, and we end up working for them - same old, same old. We need to grow billion-dollar companies here, and keep the tax revenues here too, so we can afford the first world facilities we naively expect we can keep on a second world income. I know it’s a big ask for a country of only four million, but we need to figure out how WE can take over THEM - step by step.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">6. "Can't do, woe is me, too far away from anywhere" attitude. This is what the Australians have over us. They have a "can do" attitude, "give it a go, mate, and if you fall down, we’ll help you up, and give it another go…" We need to stop looking at the obstacles, and instead look for a way around them. And if we need to do a deal (collaborate) with others (even Australians), we need to be commercially smart in the way we do this.</span></div>
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<b>Innovation Network</b></div>
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All this needs to be wrapped up in an innovation network that pools all the brains, financial, and marketing resources of the country, so that innovators can get run through an Innovation Factory (boot camp) to make sure they get their science and sales strategies right. Because one doesn’t work without the other. We already have the kernel of this in New Zealand, with Auckland University’s Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning, and the NZ Venture Investment Fund, but we need much more unity and collaboration, and especially buy-in from NZ business – small and large. We're simply too small to have a whole heap of tiny (or even medium-sized) outfits doing bits of the Innovation Network unconnected. The Innovation Factory can be virtual - I’m not advocating we spend yet more millions on buildings. </div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<b>Key questions for investors in innovation</b></div>
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Key questions for everybody: How much public money did we save today? How many export jobs did we create today? How much tax-paid profit did we generate today? How many innovators, and brilliant young scientists and engineers did we mentor and inspire and keep in New Zealand today?</div>
4sustainablesuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06737987561908409584noreply@blogger.com0